How Big Food Companies Influence Consumer Behaviour Marketing Essay

How Big Food Companies Influence Consumer Behavior Marketing Essay Food is one of the most basic necessities in people groups regular daily existence. Since it is a key piece of everyones life, individuals only occasionally consider how much food we devour and what sort of variables for the most part impact us when we eat and purchase. As indicated by National Statistics, in the previous one year, 63 million UK buyers altogether burned through 173.6 billion beats on food, drink and providing food administrations, which implies food cost every British purchaser 2,756 pounds in normal in 2011(Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011). It is very simple to gauge the sum food individuals devour in quantitative examination; notwithstanding, to anticipate shoppers conduct in every day food utilization is troublesome. General data about some enormous food organizations Individuals appreciate advantages of current transportation framework and go anyplace from nearby stores. Be that as it may, the greater part of food outlined on the racks of grocery stores comes primarily from some huge food organizations. Those organizations have solid effects on shoppers whether they understand it or not. The greatest two food organizations on the planet are Nestlã © and Kraft. As indicated by the key figures on Nestlã ©s worldwide site, their deals in the year 2011 was 83,642 million in Swiss franc (CHF), which equivalents to inexact 87,191 million in US Dollar(Nestlà ©, Inc.,2012). For Kraft, its income of 2010 was 49,200 million in US Dollar (Kraft, Inc., 2012). Nations like New Zealand, its GDP in 2010 were just around 119,200 million in US Dollar. From these figures, it gives an away from of the enormous size of these food organizations. Each and every day, they offer a great many bundled food to purchasers everywhere throughout the world. The impact of these aggregates on customers conduct is pervasive. Meaning of Consumer Behavior How individuals settle on their decision in the process buying? How would they respond to value, advancements, deals and ads? These sorts of inquiries can be replied in research extent of shopper conduct. As indicated by Robert East (2008), advertising is a client of purchaser research. In spite of the fact that customer conduct is an entangled idea, it very well may be estimated by some efficient exploration somewhat. For instance, if the cost is dropped by 10%, what amount do deals change correspondingly? We can utilize strategies for insights, brain science and statistical surveying to gauge the size of impact (East, 2008). Venture explanation In this venture, it will fundamental spotlight on buyer conduct in food purchasing process. A few models and cases about industry-driving organizations will be given to show how these world-driving food organizations impact the most significant part-food, in people groups day by day life. Some basic examination will be remembered for this theory to assist purchasers with having a comprehension of purchasing food from an alternate point of view. East, R., Vanhuele, M. also, Wright, M. (2008). Purchaser Behavior Applications in Marketing. Oak, CA: SAGE Publications. Definition ( Consumer Behavior) what is customer conduct How individuals settle on their decision in the process buying? How would they respond to value, advancements, deals and commercials? These sorts of inquiries can be replied in research extent of customer conduct. As per Robert East (2008), showcasing is a client of purchaser research. In spite of the fact that customer conduct is a muddled idea, it very well may be estimated by some methodical exploration somewhat. For instance, if the cost is dropped by 10%, what amount do deals change correspondingly? We can utilize techniques for insights, brain science and statistical surveying to gauge the size of impact (East, 2008). Shoppers as leaders For shoppers, dynamic procedure is very like an assess procedure. Typically, clients think about advantages and disadvantages of target merchandise with different other options. It is simple for us to accept that customers are singular leaders. Be that as it may, numerous choices are made in gatherings and advertisers utilize broad communications, verbal exchange and cost to impact gatherings of customers decisions since these buyers share some basic highlights. Dietary habit(behaviour) in food purchasing process As indicated by National Statistics : Food costs rose strongly (12% in genuine terms) in 2007 and 2008 after ascents in rural ware costs and ascends in fuel costs. The multi year ascend between June 2007and June 2011 was 26%; over 12% in genuine terms. Be that as it may, Spend on eating out fell by 5.2% in genuine terms somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2010. (Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011, pp25-26). These figures show that with the expansion of food cost, spend on eating out by British was lower than previously. It implies the expense of eating out may build as indicated by food cost and individuals are very touchy on the cost went through on cash As per National Statistics (Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011), in 2010 UK family units burned through  £24.50 on food and non-mixed beverages for family supplies, with 23% going on meat. National Statistics detailed: In general 15% of eatable food and drink buys are squandered every year. Various nourishments are squandered at various rates; 17%of by and large food buys, 7.1% of soda pops and 6.3% of mixed beverages are squandered. Avoidable food and savor squander the house is evaluated by WRAP at  £12 billion every year or  £480 per family unit. These squanders were most likely brought about by misestimating food utilization by family units or activated by the deals and advancements. Food advertising methodology utilized by food organizations to impact customers Food industry support nourishment research In the new thousand years, it is very normal for organizations to put cash in logical examination national boards of trustees in food and sustenance domain. A British report demonstrated that of 246 individuals, 158 are supported by food organizations (Nestle. M, 2001). As a matter of fact, it is a sort of ad and promoting methodology to impact purchaser conduct and the two sides gain intrigues together. Food organizations give budgetary backings to nourishment and agribusiness schools for counseling advices, discourse of teachers on meetings and discoveries of scholarly exploration. Organizations additionally promote in proficient diaries, papers and meetings. One examination report of nutrient maker indicated that if educators are given travel appropriations, blessings or exploration reserves, they will be bound to have an inspirational demeanor toward their backers items (Nestle, 2001). It isn't to state that industry-supported examination is constantly one-sided, yet there demonstrates a higher tendency to support the patrons business interests. By along these lines, shoppers are affected by the discoveries of logical examination and their supporting organization. Promoting is another significant advantage food organizations need to accomplish by supporting sustenance research. Food and refreshment organizations place promotions on program pamphlets, offer grant to exceptional understudies in the division, and blessing free stationaries, frill espresso and snakes with their organization logos during the short breathers. For instance, the Mars Company subsidized stoutness counteraction and treatment meeting, which helped it to assemble a restorative and positive envision in the chocolate business. These sorts of promotions influence publics perspectives toward wellbeing food from profound root, which will reflect in customer conduct during the time spent buying. Value impetuses In the commercial center, purchasers are affected by numerous variables, for example value, activity of contenders, quality and so on. Despite the fact that cost isn't the main factor that impact customers, by and large, buyers are value arranged and simple to be animated by value motivating forces. In like manner sense, if a produce is less expensive than it is normal, it will be bound to be purchased and the other way around. In any case, it isn't the main way that value impacts buyer conduct. In market, we can discover deals and decrease in organizations, for example, purchase two jump on free, get one get the subsequent deep discounted, or up to half off. It is called value encircling and those words make the advancements look alluring. Agreeing Nestles research (2001), he recommended that the utilization of value surrounding is a successful estimating instrument and it can influence people groups decisions. All things considered, various edges bring about a similar consumption (Nestle, 2001). There are some ordinary kinds of edges we can discover wherever in our life. Enrollment expenses of Gyms can be introduced in 25 pounds for each month rather than aggregate sum 300 pounds for a year. 99-completion shows a decent arrangement, since a value beginning with a 1 looks littl er than a value beginning with a 2. As a matter of fact, organizations don't lose cash as a result of the 1 penny lower in cost yet it promotes the deals by causing purchasers to feel it is less expensive. Another fascinating finding by Yang. S and her associates (2009) brought up that numerical value organizes additionally affect buyer buy conduct. As indicated by their examination that the composed or scripted organization of cost on menu can help individuals to remember idea of cost, since the word dollar or image $ may cause an agony of installment. This leads eaters to purchase less in the cafés. In the event that eateries keep away from these money related sign and use numbers just, it will bring about additionally spending (Yang.S and et al, 2009). Shockingly, it isn't just value itself however the configuration of cost can likewise impact shopper conduct in purchasing process. Construct brand steadfastness Brand devotion speaks to a good disposition toward a brand bringing about steady acquisition of brand after some time said by Assael (2004). For instance, if there are a few brands of chips offered to an individual, the person in question picks one sort of these brand as opposed to the others for sufficient opportunity to show the fulfillment towards to this specific brand. It is called brand devotion. To purchasers, the propensity for picking a similar brand for a few times implies the decrease of hazard. As per the visually impaired test on two contending brands of cola completed by Maison. Greenwald and Bruin (2004), numerous customers who guaranteed they hav

Ethics of Memory Erasing Treatment Essay Example

Morals of Memory Erasing Treatment Essay Example Morals of Memory Erasing Treatment Essay Morals of Memory Erasing Treatment Essay Regardless of whether it is postgraduates recollections in a s more established getting back from war, or a womans unnerving memory of her ambush and assault at the e hands off fierce a, numerous individuals live with appalling recollections that they would profit enormously from deleting. For quite a bit of history, this has just been a dream. Be that as it may, late improvements have made this a chance. While this innovation could, and should, be utilized to help individuals us offering from postgraduates pressure recuperate, it ought to be firmly controlled. An investigation townhouse acted as of late at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has s hon. that recollections, considerably longer ones, can be eradicated using HADDAM NIH choice treatment (Tractor 1). HADDAM, Histories Decelerate 2, is a protein that assumes a job in changing over hornwort recollections in the hippopotamus to longer recollections put away in the cortex (MIM 1). When the memory moves from the hippopotamus to the cortex, it is solidly inning pointed in the mind and is exceptionally difficult to address utilizing conventional psychotherapy procedure employments. Howe ever, by hindering this protein through psychoactive medication treatment, recollections can be move De from the cortex Strongman 2 go into momentary memory in the hippopotamus (Tractor 1). When the me Or-y is in the hippopotamus, it tends to be dealt with utilizing customary psychotherapeutic method s to evacuate the negative relationship of the memory. HADDAM inhibitor drugs are as of now FDA affirmed for use in certain malignant growth treatment methods, making their endorsement for clinical preliminary s, and ideally inevitable market discharge a lot simpler (Tractor 1). In the case of everything works out in a good way, these medications could be able to evacuate awful, difficult recollections forever from the min d. This capacity would be useful in the treatment of victims of postgraduate c stress issue. Fighters coming back from war frequently have horrendous awful recollections from their time in the administration, and these recollections can be activated by exercises, sounds, and eve ants in typical, regular day to day existence. Living with postgraduates pressure can be troublesome, as the charge contesting recollections can be activated whenever. Likewise, casualties and observers Of awfulness crack wrongdoings, for example, assaults, ambushes, and murders can endure similar postgraduates recollections. As indicated by the Mayo Clinic, victims of postgraduates pressure issue experience flashbacks, bad dreams, extreme passionate trouble, melancholy, state of mind swings, and irate upheavals (OPT SD 1). These side effects lead to a serious lessening in personal satisfaction for victims, and regularly r ins the lives of those influenced by it. Since postgraduates pressure issue can be so ruinous to the lives of the SSE it influences, it would be the ideal objective for HADDAM restraint treatment. While s mother may contend that it is dishonest to misleadingly change memory, with regards to those s offering from this ailment, any ethical ambiguities about expelling the recollections is far exceed De by the intense improvement in the personal satisfaction that it would realize for those influenced. Evacuating these Strongman 3 recollections, which cause genuine clinical misery, isn't just admissible, it would be required in instances Of extreme postgraduates pressure issue. Notwithstanding, while the contention for utilization of this treatment for those seriously charge acted by postgraduates pressure is effortlessly made, it ought not be a treatment that is effectively accessible to the general population. While everybody has certain recollections they might want to delete, practically these awful recollections don't ascend to the degree of having a serious, negative effect on a for each children personal satisfaction. While it would appear to be perfect for everybody to have just positive recollections, the is would not be helpful for carrying on with a genuine beneficial encounter. While awful encounters, and the unplug asana recollections they structure, can appear to be horrendous now and again, they are indispensable in developing as a companions n. While negative encounters arent anyones top choice, totally expelling them from life expo ghostliness would be dyspepsia. Like in Lois Lowry The Giver , living with no negative recollections would resemble living clearly. Likewise with most things throughout everyday life, the moral idea of these circumstances is a dynamic, liquid one. Choosing which recollections have an adequately negative impact on the endure deeds personal satisfaction to make memory deletion moral is an extremely abstract procedure. Right off the bat, the me ROR would must have been brought about by a phenomenally horrendous accident, for example, being include De in a side of the road trap in Afghanistan or being a survivor of rape. The casualty would al so must be therapeutically determined to have serious postgraduates pressure issue, and would ha eve to show that the condition made a noteworthy disservice their personal satisfaction. O once these conditions could be verifiably met, the individual would be qualified to get e the memory eradicating treatment. This procedure would unavoidably be long however would ideally forestall the Strongman 4 treatment from being manhandled by those hoping to get away from little issues thro ugh drug, and would assist with forestalling misuse. Memory eradication treatment could be a lifesaving advancement for those individuals experiencing postgraduates pressure issue and its heap of crippling side effects. It could forestall the endless suicides that happen every year because of the enduring brought about by postgraduates pressure issue. Be that as it may, it could likewise be manhandled by those hoping to get away from the SMS all issues of the world through professionally prescribed medication misuse.

Reclaim Your Time

Reclaim Your Time One of the main reasons we decided to take this journey was to reclaim our time: More free time. More time to focus on whats important. More time for other people. More time for ourselves. More time to build new relationships. More time for gratitude. More time to be healthy. More time to create. We wanted our lives back, and to do so we had to get our time back. Time is the only thing we all share in common: we all have the same 24 hours in a day. Lets use them wisely. Todays action is the easiest of allâ€"take today and spend it in solitude. Use your time for yourself: Create, dont consume. Be mindful. Get to know yourself. Reflect on your journeyâ€"it wasnt easy getting here. But also take today and relax: you deserve it. “Time” is Day 21 of Our 21-Day Journey into Minimalism.

The New Era 1997 How Do We Make The Most Of Them

I have always tried to make the most out of life and enjoy every day. Some days are easy to enjoy while others seem to drag on for what seems like eternity. Looking back on it I find the days that I have a lot of fun and really enjoy are the ones that are care free with nothing really going on. The ones that are hard always have difficulty or challenges that make it hard to have a positive attitude, and make the most out of life. This made me wonder why in life do we have trials, and how do we make the most of them? In the New Era 1997 Questions and Answer article a young man posed a question â€Å"I’ve had a hard life even though I’m just a teenager. Why have all these bad things happened to me and my family? It seems like the other†¦show more content†¦This doesn’t mean trials will be absent from your life, instead by understanding God, though scriptures, and prayer you will know what role trials play in your life. Marvin J. Ashton gave a talk on Jan 21, 1975 titled what shall we do then? Like the New Era talk, Marvin J. Ashton also explains how we all experience a lot of different trials in life but he claims â€Å"What we do with what happens to us is more important than what happens to us. We all know that there are uncontrollable events that happen in life. Marvin J. Ashton gives one example of the BYU football team se says â€Å"After much preparation and prayer for our first football bowl game, why did the Lord allow our first-string quarterback to rece ive injuries early in the contest and reduce our chances of victory as millions of viewers looked on? It could have been such a great missionary tool.† He goes on to explain how the best way to answer this question was to review the facts yes, the first-string quarter back did injure himself in the first quarter. What do we do now? Do we quiet? No, they put in a less experienced quarter back they rallied to gather they fought harder, and kept on pressing forward. What Marvin J. Ashton saw on the field was determination, and maturity. The men representing the school that day knew what to do and they did it. This was still a great missionary tool for many missionaries to use. This event happened and moreShow MoreRelatedEssay on Florence Nightingale1471 Words   |  6 PagesNightingales time, the 1800s, we still face today. Nightingale not only impacted nursing in the 1800s, but also still has an effect on nursing today. We do not need a new role model and icon for nursing bec ause Nightingale changed the nursing profession for the better and that should never be forgotten. Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy; thereby being named after the city where she was born. Her family was from England, and lived during the Victorian era. 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Marks And Spencers Organizational Structure Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1110 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Every organization has some goals to achieve and these goals can be achieved only by combined efforts of various resources, this includes division of work and grouping of numerous activities performed in an organization, according to the required need and specialization. And to attain these goals it is important for an organization to have a proper organizational structure. In order to achieve maximum performance organizational structure has to be appropriate and matched with the rate of change in the environment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marks And Spencers Organizational Structure Business Essay" essay for you Create order (Burns and Stalker, 1961)Size of organizational structure depends on the size of the business small organizations have small structure and as it grows becomes mega structure. Structural development are of two types vertical and horizontal, line of authority and reporting channel comes under vertical structure while the horizontal structure is about the division of work and specialization. Tiers of organizational structure are indicative of power structure, positions and its inter-se relationship, roles, channels of reporting, delegation and accountability. For the effective organizational structure it must be reviewed time to time and modified particularly for the current state where the cut cost is the most important order for an organization to be competitive (Kondalkar, 2006). Organizational structure is defined as the establishment of authority relationships with provision for coordination between them, both vertically and horizontally in the enterprise structure (Koontz, 1994 ). Indicators of good organizational structure The structure must have formal reporting hierarchy from lowest to the highest level. Identical activities should be grouped in one department so that equipment, machines, processes and expertise should come under one departmental head and with other department formal reporting can be used. Coordination of various activities and coordinating authority must be specified. All departmental goals must be specified with the time frame. Superiority between the departmental heads is mostly the point of organizational conflict proper monitoring is essential for this. Standing orders, polices, procedures, drills and regulation should exit in an organization. These are obligatory to be placed in detail, duties of each and every job reduces operating problems (Kondalkar, 2006). Organizational structure of Marks Spencer MS follows a flat organizational structure; this type of organizational structure has limited levels of management between administrative level and front-line employees. This structure is followed in organization to encourage employees in more decision making process. This structure is followed basically to decrease bureaucracy and make employees more skilled by authorizing them to make decisions. And due to less management levels communication between upper managers and base line employees become easy which allows rapid change and problem solution (Strinfellow, 2010). Flat organizational structure has pyramid shape, but unlike traditional one its broader and flatter this is because there are fewer levels of management between top and bottom of pyramid it also may have different departments with head and manager leading each unit with the executive management at top of pyramid. C:UsersHASHAMDesktopCapture 2.JPG Source : The Times 100 Marks Spencer have a flat organizational structure as a result of reducing the layer of authority through delayering which increased the individual responsibility of employees and their departments. Due to this employees have to take quick decisions from time to time with the preparation to explain and justify their decisions and this increases there accountability without increasing the organizations expenditure (Appendix A). There are around 3000 people employed at Marks Spencer Head Office in London. All these employees are specialist of their own field and work for organization on their given task these people are involved in managing stocks and their layout within stores and working in marketing, managing and accounts. Around 65,000 people work in MS stores, many in management roles, lead and motivate their team and people. MS also got franchises outlets overseas. (MS, 2010) This new flatter structure increased the demand for more training so as to come over it MS star ted developing staff within the organization. It also recruits managers from outside the organization at three different levels: Trainee managers passed A level will have 24 months training Pick graduates from university and gives 12 months training Experienced managers from other operations have trained for 3 months. Each of these managers is supposed to have important managerial skills like working in team, leadership, financial skilled etc.(The Times 100). Significance and benefit of flatter organizational structure In large organizations, traditional organizational structure is basically used but due to many levels of management between top-level and baseline staff, decision making have to go through these process, leaving front-line staffs to answer the delay to customers which decrease productivity. While the flat organizational structure has less middle management, allows the whole organization work with ease and less resistance. This increase the productivity of organization as well as using a flat structure can decrease the budget by cutting the middles men cost and decrease the communication barriers (Borkar, 2010). Organization that analyse function of middle managers can allocate necessary tasks to other members by giving lower level staffs more responsibility or assigning some duties to upper management. Beside these there are lots of activities which are actually a burden on organization can be eliminated by eliminating middle managers (Strinfellow, 2010). Conclusion A flat organizational structure is good for small organizations, because in there it is possible to decentralize some decision-making while corporate integrity is maintained, though it is hard for a big business organization because it can result in loss of control of upper manager in the functioning of business. Flat organizational structure can be used by large companies only by setting up in different divisions but corporate control and final decision at executive level is important at the end. MS followed the flat organizational structure so as to cut the overall cost of organization and speed up the working. They achieve this but still there are some block holes like increase in bosses makes lower level to report 2 or 3 different bosses this can create confusion and communication problem. Overall MS followed a good organizational structure but because it is vast organization so they have to make and follow more suitable organizational structure for better future of company. Reference Borkar, R. (2010) Flat Organizational Structure. Burns, T. and Stalker, G. M. (1961) The Management of Innovation. Accessible from: https://www.buzzle.com/articles/flat-organizational-structure.html Kondalkar, V.G. (2006) Organizational Behaviour, New Age International Edition. Koontz. H (1994) Management, Mc Graw Hills International Edition. MS (2007) Organisational structure and careers. Accessible from: www.thetimes100.co.uk MS (2010) Student Information. Accessible from: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/aboutus/student_info MS (2010) The Official Board. Accessible from: https://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/marks-and-spencer-group Strinfellow, A. (2010) About Flat Organization Structure. Accessible from: https://www.ehow.com/about_5087590_flat-organization-structure.html

Spartan Social Structure- Importance Free Essays

Explain the Social Structure of Sparta and its Significance in Spartan Society Good morning According to historical accounts, the Spartan constitution was created around the 750th C BC, by the great lawgiver, Lycurgus. The new system established a social structure that maintained a military power of Sparta and kept the conquered Messenians in cheque. Xenophon, writing 4th Century BC, recognised Lycurgus as the Spartan lawgiver. We will write a custom essay sample on Spartan Social Structure- Importance or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the bottom of the social ladder were the helots. The Helots were state owned serfs from conquered Greek states, who would work on Spartan kleros.Their duty was to supply a fixed annual produce to their Spartan masters. The Helots were believed to have outnumbered their Spartan masters by at least 10 to 1. This placed great fear on the Spartans who controlled the Helots under a strict regime. Relations between the helots and Spartans were hostile. Thucydides remarked that â€Å"Spartan policy is always mainly governed by the necessity of taking precautions against the helots. † According to Myron of Priene of the middle 3rd century BC,They â€Å"receive a stipulated number of beatings every year regardless of any wrongdoing, so that they would never forget they were slaves. † Each year, the Ephors declared war on the helots and the Krypteia slaughtered many. The Spartan Military system depended on the helots to cultivate and maintain the Spartan Kleros. The helots were the property of the state and could thus be called upon for services as light armed troops during a war. The helots were enlisted to add numbers to the Spartan army. They were significant in the fact that they were the foundations of Spartan society.They supplied the whole Spartan society with food and assisted in conflicts and wars. Spartan men had to make a monthly contribution to the syssition. This came from the produce taken from the helot workers. The contribution allowed the Spartans to stay in the military mess, tying the functions of the helots into the maintenance of militaristic factors of the Spartan society. The helots caused a fear of rebellions resulting in a fierce military training so as to quell the rebellions swiftly. Next up the social ladder were the inferiors. These were the illegitimate children of Spartiate fathers and helot mothers, helots freed for some courageous act or for service to the state, the adopted playmates of Spartan boys and the Spartan peers and cowards who had lost citizenship. It is unclear how they survived in Spartan society but some records suggest that they could own land and pay contribution to the Spartan state. The Perioekoi, lived in scattered villages in Sparta and were believed to have been a buffer zone against escaping Helots. They lived in self-governing communities but had to pay homage to Sparta.They had local citizenship but had no role in formulating the Spartan policy. They were not allowed to marry Spartans and if they conflicted with one, the Ephors would play judge. The perioekoi were significant as they controlled most economic aspects of Spartan society. They were engaged mainly in mining, manufacture and commerce. All mineral and marine resources of Sparta were in control of the Perioekoi. It was the Perioekoi who manufactured the weapons that kept the Spartan military in operation. A major obligation for the Perioekoi communities was their military service.They did not undergo the same training system as Spartans but were expected to provide hoplites during a war. Herodotus writes of the Persian wars that the Spartans â€Å"sent a force of 5000 spartiate men to Plataea accompanied by 5000 picked Lacedaemonian troops drawn from outlying towns†. The Peroiekoi oversaw the economic functions of the Spartan society allowing the Spartiate men to focus on military training and maintaining a militaristic society. Spartan women had much better lives than their Athenian counterparts.They could not hold public office or vote but were able to mingle freely with their men. They were trained rigorously, usually with the men, so as to be able to produce healthy and strong babies. The women held about 40% of Sparta’s land and wielded significant economic control. The main job of Spartan women was to be fit and healthy so as to produce fierce warrior children. They trained with the men, so as to encourage a harder workout and maintained the household whilst men concentrated on military training. At the top of the Spartan social structure were the homoioi or Spartiates. These men were full blooded citizens of Sparta and were the elite group in Spartan society. The main criteria for belonging in the citizen class was membership and the sharing of common meals in the syssitia, being able to prove that he was descended from the sons of Herakles or the conquerors, ownership of Kleros and successful completion of the agoge. The Spartan men lived a life of loyalty and obedience to the state. The men were forbidden to engage in farming, trade and industry but were rather supported by the state, each having a kleros and helots to work it.The Spartan men were at the top of the social structure and thus held power over all the other classes. They were significant in the social structure group in Spartan society as they maintained the defence and security of the state through the agoge. The agoge, allowed an effective military system to be developed in the Spartan society. The purpose of the system was to create fearless and loyal Spartan warriors, developing a victorious army that was highly significant in Spartan society and creating a powerful defence force that could also quell any rebellions.The Spartan system required, as stated by Plutarch, that â€Å"†¦ as boys reached the age of seven †¦ their whole education was aimed at developing smart obedience, perseverance under stress, and victory in battle†. The men maintained the strength of the nation. Their importance on the social ladder was that they kept the other peoples in their place. The governing powers made sure to keep the Spartan system the way it was, which eventually led to their downfall. The Spartan social structure was highly significant in the Spartan society.The structure was designed to maintain a militaristic society with each class making a contribution to the maintenance of a powerful nation. The Helots provided food for the Syssistion and Spartan men and also added numbers during a war. The Inferiors were believed to have owned land and may have supplied the society with produce. The Periokoi maintained the Spartan trade and economy, so that the Spartan men did not get distracted from their primary military focus. They supplied the Spartan army with their weaponry and were required to add troops to the Spartan army during a conflict.The Spartan women also trained with the men, so as to encourage a harder workout and have a fit body to produce healthy warriors. The Spartan men trained constantly so as to keep the nation’s military strength one of the Strongest. They also ran the government to continue the militaristic system implemented. The social structure in Sparta was based on the strength of the nation’s military power and was designed to keep the helots under the control of the Spartans and to maintain a strong warrior force. 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Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay Example

Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay The Montessori teacher plays an important role in the Montessori environment. The teacher needs to acquire a deeper sense of the dignity of the child as a human being, a new appreciation of the significance of his spontaneous activities, a wider and thorough understanding of his needs. The most essential part of the teacher is that the teacher should go through spiritual preparation. The moral preparation is necessary before one is fit to be entrusted with the care of the children in a principle hitherto chiefly confined to members of religious orders. According to Montessori such preparation should be first step in the training of every teacher whatever nationality or creed. She must purify her heart and render it burning with charity towards the child. She must learn to appreciate and should gather all those tiny and delicate manifestation of the opening life in the Childs soul. The teacher must be initiated, he must begin by studying his own defects, his own evil tendencies rather than by being excessively pre occupied with a â€Å"child’s tendencies, â€Å"with the manner of â€Å"correcting a Childs mistakes,† or even with the effects of original sin. â€Å"First remove the beam from your own eye and then you will see clearly how to remove the speck from the eye of the child†. The secret of childhood. pg. no. 149. The first step an intending Montessori teacher must take is to prepare herself. She must always keep her imagination alive and when she begins her work she must have a kind of faith and she mus t free herself from all preconceived ideas concerning the levels at which the children may be. (Meaning they are more or less deviated) must not worry her. We will write a custom essay sample on Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The teacher, when she begins work in our schools, must have a kind faith that the child will reveal himself through work, she must free herself from all preconceived ideas concerning the levels at which the children may be. † The Absorbent Mind pg. 276. In The Absorbent Mind (pp. 277-81), Maria Montessori offered some general principles of behavior for teachers in the Montessori classroom. * The teacher becomes the keeper and custodian of the environment. She attends to this instead of being distracted by the childrens restlessness. . . All the apparatus is to be kept meticulously in order, beautiful and shining, in perfect condition. . . . This means that the teacher also must be attractive pleasing in appearance tidy and clean, calm and dignified. . . . The teacher’s appearance is the first step to gaining the Childs confidence because the child of this age idealizes his mother. The teachers first duty is therefore to watch over the environment, and this takes preceden ce over all the rest. Its influence is indirect, but unless it is well done there will be no effective and permanent results of any kind, physical, intellectual or spiritual. * The teacher must . . . entice the children. . . . The teacher, in this first period, before concentration has shown itself, must be like the flame, which heartens all by its warmth, enlivens and invites. There is no need to fear that she will interrupt some important psychic process, since these have not yet begun. Before concentration occurs, the Montessori teacher may do more or less what she thinks well; she can interfere with the childrens activities as she deems necessary. . . She can tell stories, have some games and singing, use nursery rhymes and poetry. The teacher who has a gift for charming the children can have them do various exercises, which, even if they have no great value educationally, are useful in calming them. Everyone knows that a lively teacher attracts more than a dull one, and we can all be lively if we try. . . . If at this stage there is some child who persistently annoys the others, the most practical thing to do is interrupt him . . . to break the flow of disturbing activity. The interruption may take the form of any kind of exclamation, or in showing a special and affectionate interest in the troublesome child. * Finally the time comes in which the children begin to take an interest in something: usually, in the exercises of Practical Life, for experience shows that it is useless and harmful to give the children Sensorial and Cultural apparatus before they are ready to benefit from it. Before introducing this kind of material, one must wait until the children have acquired the power to concentrate on something, and usually . . this occurs with the exercises of Practical Life. When the child begins to show interest in one of these, the teacher must not interrupt, because this interest corresponds with natural laws and opens up a whole cycle of new activities. . . . The teacher, now, must be most careful. Not to interfere means not to interfere in any way. This is the moment at which the teacher most often goes wrong. The child, who up to that moment has been very difficult, finally concentrates on a piece of work. . . Praise, help, or even a look, may be enough to interrupt him, or destroy the activity. It seems a strange thing to say, but this can happen even if the child merely becomes aware of being watched. . . . The great principle that brings success to the teacher is this: as soon as concentration has begun, act as if the child does not exist. . . . The duty of the teacher is only to present new things when she knows that a child has exhausted all the possibilities of those he was using before. An important task of the teacher is careful observation. The teacher should guide each child, introducing materials, and assisting where needed and she should make sure that all the material necessary for children at a particular stage of development is available for them to use. This helps the teacher prepare the environment with the child’s interest in mind. The teacher is constantly alert to the direction in which the child is going, and actively works to help the child achieve their goals. The Montessori teacher facilitates the classroom activities, carefully planning the environment, and helping progress from one activity to the next. The teacher must be aware of the need for day-to- day preparation of the environment. They should make sure the room is clean and fresh, and it is adequately heated in winter, and cool and airy in summer and there should be various pictures displayed on the walls, flowers are changed daily or not and the calendar is changed regularly. Montessori professionals are trained to deal with each child individually. This is often called following the child. A Montessori teacher often stands back while the child is working, allowing them to gain satisfaction in their own discoveries. Montessori tools promote motor skills as well as development of the mind. This idea allows students to think critically about the solution, rather than just sit back the formula or method that his or her teacher dictated. The Montessori teacher embodies these ideas and creates in the child the feeling of confidence and accomplishment. Montessori teachers are not the center of attention in the classroom. Their role centers on the preparation and organization of learning materials to meet the needs and interests of the Montessori children. The focus is on children learning, not on teachers teaching. Dr. Montessori believed that the teacher should focus on the child as a person rather than on the daily lesson plans. Although the Montessori teacher plans daily lessons for each child, she must be alert to changes in the child’s interest, progress, mood, and behavior. Montessori teachers are scientific observers of children. They avoid using rewards and punishments for good or poor work. Montessori teachers never criticize or interfere in a child’s work. It is only in a trusting atmosphere that a child’s personality has room to grow. Children must have the freedom to choose their own activities and learn to behave without restriction. Dr. Montessori thought this was real work and that the child would reveal his/her true nature once he/she found work that commanded his/her full attention. Anne Burke Neubert, in A Way of Learning (1973), listed the following elements in the special role of the Montessori teacher: * Montessori teachers are the dynamic link between children and the Prepared Environment. * They systematically observe their students and interpret their needs. They are constantly experimenting, modifying the environment to meet their perceptions of each childs needs and interests, and objectively noting the result. * They prepare an environment meant to facilitate children’s independence and ability to freely select work that they find appealing, selecting activities that will appeal to their interests and keeping the environment in perfect condition, adding to it and removing materials as needed . * They carefully evaluate the effectiveness of their work and the design of the environment every day. They observe and evaluate each child’s individual progress. * They respect and protect their students independence. They must know when to step in and set limits or lend a helping hand, and when it is in a childs best interests for them to step back and not interfere. * They are supportive, offering warmth, security, stability, and non-judgmental acceptance to each child. * They facilitate communication among the children and help the children to learn how to communicate their thoughts to adults. They interpret the childrens progress and their work in the classroom to parents, the school staff, and the community. * They present clear, interesting and relevant lessons to the children. They attempt to engage the child’s interest and focus on the lessons and activities in the environment. * They model desirable behavior for the children, following the ground-rules of t he class, exhibiting a sense of calm, consistency, grace and courtesy, and demonstrating respect for every child. * They are peace educators, consistently working to teach courteous behaviors and conflict. They are diagnosticians who can interpret patterns of growth, development, and behavior in order to better understand the children and make necessary referrals and suggestions to parents. The role of a Montessori teacher is that of an observer whose ultimate goal is to intervene less and less as the child develops. The teacher creates an atmosphere of calm, order and joy in the classroom and is there to help and encourage the children in all their efforts, allowing them to develop self-confidence and inner discipline. With the younger students at each level, the teacher is more active, demonstrating the use of materials and presenting activities based on an assessment of the childs requirements. Knowing how to observe constructively and when, and how much, to intervene, is one of the most important talents the Montessori teacher acquires during a rigorous course of training at AMI training centers throughout the world. The role of a Montessori Directress is the vital link between that of the child and the environment. Under her guidance a child will develop both as a person and intellectually to reach their full potential and become the man of the future. â€Å"She is the main connecting link between the material that is the objects and the child†. Maria Montessori It is the Directress’ role is to prepare a beautiful and enticing environment which will welcome the child in and provide a safe, calm and peaceful atmosphere in which they can learn. She must carefully arrange the room with child size furnishings and must ensure that all the educational materials are on display for a child to see in an orderly fashion. The apparatus should be stimulating, purposeful and invoke * Montessori philosophy purports that children learn best when they choose their own activities, within a richly educative environment. The duties of a Montessori teacher are to observe and assess children’s individual abilities and interests in order to provide an environment that stimulates and challenges them to learn. A Montessori teacher gives children opportunities to make their own discoveries, instead of telling them how to do something or giving them answers to problems. He or she also encourages children to feel at ease when they make a mistake, and to see mistakes as opportunities for further learning. * The duties of a Montessori teacher are to encourage a child’s enthusiasm for learning and natural work ethic. The Montessori approach gives children time to develop their concentration because a Montessori teacher remains sensitive to the focus of a child’s attention. If a child is engrossed in an activity, a Montessori teacher will not disturb that concentration unnecessarily. The Montessori approach of mixed age groups enables younger children to learn from older children, and older children to learn by teaching the younger ones. It also enables each child to progress at his or her own pace. * The duties of a Montessori teacher are to prepare a calm, organized and stimulating learning environment for children, allowing them to move freely within appropriate guidelines and to work as part of a social group. A teacher using the Montessori Method demonstrates the use of learning resources and materials to the children. The function of these materials is to help children develop essential cognitive skills. Teachers using the Montessori Method place children aged between 2 months and 3 years in a nurturing, homey environment that will help them develop cognitive, language, social and physical skills. The Montessori Method places older children in classroom settings of mixed age groups: 3 to 6 years, 6 to 9 years and 9 to 12 years. 1. The Montessori teacher is the dynamic link between the child and the Prepared Environment. 2. She is a systematic observer of the child and an interpreter of his needs. 3. She is an experimenter, tailoring the environment to meet his perceptions of the childs needs and interests, and objectively noting the results. 4. The Montessori teacher is a programmer, preparing the environment and keeping in perfect condition, adding to it and removing materials as needed. 5. She is an evaluator, judging the effectiveness of her own work and the environment every day. She must also evaluate the progress of each child. 6. She respects and protects the child. She must know when to step in and set limits or lend a helping hand, and when it is in the childs best interests to step back and not interfere. 7. The Montessori teacher is a supporter, offering warmth, security, stability, and non-judgemental acceptance to each child. 8. She is a facilitator of communication among the children and of the childs effort to communicate with her. She must also interpret the childs progress and her work to parents, the school staff, and the community. 9. She is a demonstrator, presenting clear, interesting and relevant lessons to the child. Her role is to seduce the child into spontaneous fascination with the materials through her demonstrations. 10. The Montessori teacher is a consistent good example of desirable behaviour for the children, following the ground-rules of the class herself, and exhibiting a sense of calm, consistency, grace and courtesy, and demonstrating respect for every child. 11. She is a peacemaker, consistently working to teach courteous behaviours and conflict resolution. 12. The Montessori teacher is a diagnostician, able to interpret the patterns of diversity, and non-judgemental acceptance to each child.